GEOGRAPHY
Hawaii is a group of volcanic islands in the central Pacific Ocean. The islands lie 2,397 miles (3,857 km) from San Francisco, California, to the east and 5,293 miles (8,516 km) from Manila, in the Philippines, to the west. The capital is Honolulu, located on the island of Oahu.
Hawaii was characterized by Mark Twain as “the loveliest fleet of islands that lies anchored in any ocean.” The name is thought to derive from Hawaiki, the former name of Raiatea, the ancestral home of Polynesians.
WHAT DOES HAWAI MEAN IN HAWAIIAN?
The word Hawai'i can be deconstruct into three different local words: ha (meaning breath, or breath of life), wai (meaning water or life force), and 'i (meaning supreme).
WHAT ARE THE 7 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS CALLED:
Hawaii is typically recognized by its eight main islands: Hawaiʻi, Maui, Kahoʻolawe, Lānaʻi, Molokaʻi, Oʻahu, Kauaʻi, and Niʻihau.
WHAT IS SO SPECIAL ABOUT HAWAII ISLAND:
Hawaii is known for its beautiful beaches—some of them with unusual colors. Many beaches are filled with white sand, but other Hawaiian shores are covered with green, red, pink, and even black sand.
Whether you like hiking, biking, kayaking, sailing, swimming, or just sitting on the beach, Hawaii is the state for you.
FUN FACTS:
Hawaii is the only U.S. state with two official languages: English and Hawaiian.
—In 2008 Barack Obama, who was born in Honolulu, was elected the 44th president of the United States.
—Entertainer Bette Midler was also born in Honolulu.
—The hula is a traditional Hawaiians dance that tells a story through movement. Dancers often wear grass skirts and leis.
—The sport of surfing may have originated in what is now Hawaii. Today professional surfersride waves over 50 feet high.
HAWAII´S WILDLIFE
Despite its small size Hawaii is one of the four most ecologically diverse US states, the others being California, Texas, and Alabama. It is estimated that over 21,000 species have been recorded in the Hawaii rainforest, surrounding ocean, and other locations.Some of the most notable animals in Hawaii are manta rays, chameleons, dolphins, geckos, whales, and tiger sharks.
THE OFFICIAL STATE BIRD OF HAWAII: NENE
The Nene (Branta sandvicensis) is also known as the Hawaiian Goose. Though it is believed to be evolved from the Canadian Goose, the Nene is a different species and is exclusively found on the islands of Hawai’i, Kaua’i, Molokai, Maui, and Oahu. It features a black head, a white and black striped neck, and an alternating brown and white feather pattern.
The official state bird of Hawaii is the nēnē, also known as the Hawaiian goose. This unique bird is not only a symbol of the state’s natural beauty and diversity but also a testament to the power of conservation and preservation efforts.
The animal’s official IUCN status is vulnerable.
THE OFFICIAL FISH OF HAWAII: HUMUHUMUNUKUNUKUAPUA`A
The official fish of Hawaii is the Humuhumunukunukuapua`a (Rhinecanthus rectangulus), otherwise known as the Hawaiian triggerfish or reef triggerfish. a name that’s almost as distinctive as the fish itself. This colorful and unique fish is not only a symbol of the state’s ocean ecosystem, but also a beloved cultural icon that has inspired music, art, and even the state’s license plates.This colorful fish has blue lips, a diagonal black marking down the side, and streaks of yellow along its back. They can grow to be about 12 inches in length and can be rather aggressive. There have even been reports of the fish biting nearby swimmers. After briefly lapsing as the state’s official fish in 1990 it was permanently reinstated in 2006 by the governor.
THE OFFICIAL MAMMAL OF HAWAII: THE HAWAIIAN MONK SEAL
The Hawaiian Monk Seal (Neomonachus schauinslandi) is the official mammal of Hawaii, sort of. It is technically one of two official mammals but the other is specifically a marine mammal. Its native name is ʻIlio-holo-i-ka-uaua which translates to “dog that runs in rough water”. Hawaiian Monk Seals are endangered and native to the Hawaiian island region. They are the only native seal found in the area. The Hawaiian monk seal is a critically endangered marine mammal that is endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. With an estimated population of just over 1,100 individuals, the Hawaiian monk seal is one of the rarest marine mammals in the world.These seals are known for their distinctive appearance, with a sleek, black, or dark brown coat and large, soulful eyes. They are also known for their docile and curious nature, which has made them a popular subject for photographers and marine wildlife enthusiasts.
THE OFFICIAL AQUATIC MAMMAL OF HAWAII: HUMPBACK WHALE
The humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) is officially recognized as the official aquatic mammal of Hawaii, but it is also often considered the official overall state animal. Given the island’s deep connection with the ocean and related species, it is easy to see why.The humpback whale has high cultural significance and is featured on many Hawaiian emblems including the trade dollar. The whale is believed to be one of the animals that aumakua or family ancestors could take shape of and appear in visions or dreams to provide guidance.
Recommended locations for wildlife sightings include:
Iao Valley, Makena State Park, Diamond Head State Park, Waimea Canyon State Park, Kailua-Kona (dive site), Black Rock (dive site), Molokini Wall (dive site)
Native plants of Hawaii
You can’t imagine Hawaii without envisioning thick, verdant plant life accented with brilliantly colored flowers. There are different types of plants and trees that grow in this western state. Some of these native plants include pua kala, kou, hinahina, and blue morning glory.
TOP 10 BEACHES IN HAWAII
10.KIHOLO BAY – THE BIG ISLAND
Kiholo Bay is not only one of the Big Island’s best black sand beaches, but it is another spot on the sunny Kona Coast where sightings of green sea turtles are almost guaranteed. Surprisingly, this long stretch of fine volcanic sand is not frequented by tourists, with paths heading south from the parking lot to secluded ponds and north along the beach to the turtle’s favorite chill-out spots in and around a freshwater pond. Those with a bit of extra energy can keep heading north, where the sandy beach meets a massive lava field. Oh, and if you just don’t feel like leaving, you can even camp in Kiholo Bay.
9. HALAWA BEACH – MOLOKAI
In one of the more “perfect” sights you’ll ever see, the small twin bays that make up Halawa Beach form the opening path into the Halawa Valley – a lush and historical valley guarded by towering waterfalls. The beach is the ultimate way to wrap up a memorable guided hike in the valley, and, like nearly every other gem in Molokai, there’s a good chance of having Halawa Beach all to yourself. Oh, and if pay close attention to your active schedule of napping, snorkeling, and swimming, you might even spot a few humpback whales breaching.
8. BIG BEACH – MAUI
The most famous beach in Maui is certainly worthy of its name both in English and Hawaiian – Oneloa, which means “long sand” – with over a mile of fine golden powder which radiates in the South Maui sun. Despite the lack of palm trees, Big Beach is a real stunner, thanks to its intense sand and watercolors. Though swimming conditions are often rough, the beach attracts many bodysurfers who attempt to cruise its massive near-shore breaks. Big Beach also has a little surprise for those willing to rough it out. Hiding just beyond the pinnacle, which marks the western border of the Big Beach, Little Beach is slightly more secluded and… clothing optional. If you time your visit with the occasional drum circle, you might even get to party with Steven Tyler! Maui’s Big Beach is part of Makena State Park (fees are required for non-residents).
7. LANIKAI BEACH – OAHU
The native Hawaiians sure knew how to name their beaches, and Lanikai is yet another example of that. Meaning “heavenly ocean”; so white is Lanikai’s sand and so blue are its waters that you might be deceived into thinking you’re on a South Pacific beach. Lanikai and its more famous sister down the road – Waimea Beach – are fronted by a calm lagoon that attracts kayakers as well as beachgoers of all age groups. The beach is now more accessible than in years past, thanks to a series of narrow openings between million-dollar mansions, which are sadly also responsible for the erosion that Lanikai has recently exprienced.
6. HANALEI BAY – KAUAI
The largest and most impressive bay in Kauai, Hanalei Bay, is a playground for all age groups. It’s where George Clooney went for a morning jog in The Descendants and where you’ll simply want to park it for the day. The bay is so large that when it comes to beaches, there are quite a few of those dotting the creamy soft sand. On the calmer eastern end, Black Pot Beach and the famous pier offer shallow swimming, picnic grounds with facilities, and the opportunity to “sit on the dock of the bay”. In the center of the bay, Hanalei and Waioli Beach Parks are popular with beachgoers and paddlers heading out to the deeper parts of the bay. The further west you head, the more secluded things get, and there’s a good chance of finding your own spot.
5. MAHAI’ULA BEACH – THE BIG ISLAND
Another Kona Coast gem from the Big Island, Mahai’ula Beach, is part of Kekaha Kai State Park, which in itself is home to a series of magnificent beaches. Mahai’ula is that stereotypical tropical beach, a mix of salt and pepper sand, palm trees galore, beautiful azure waters and sea turtles hanging out near the sloping shoreline. But Mahai’ula Beach’s “X-factor” is its remoteness, reached only by “those who know” via a sweaty hike over an exposed lava field or by driving a few miles on a rough unpaved road (totally doable with a 2WD). From Mahai’ula, you can also hike to nearby Makalawena Beach.
4. GREEN SAND BEACH – THE BIG ISLAND
The last Big Island beauty to make this list of the top beaches in Hawaii, Papakolea Beach – better known as Green Sand Beach – is a peculiar sight considering that sand on Big Island beaches is either white, black or a mix of both. But thanks to finely eroded sand from unique volcanic rocks in the area, Papakolea gets its special color and awards visitors with an excuse to drive all the way to its remote location in the South Point peninsula. The Green Sand Beach is reached via a scenic and easy coastal hike and is best visited on a clear day at around noon when the sun shines directly above the beach. Swimming is said to be rough, but on the day I visited, the water was simply perfect!
3. KAWAKIU BEACH – MOLOKAI
Kawakiu Beach is found on one of the more remote corners of one of the least visited of the main Hawaiian Islands. Comprised of a series of beaches, one of which is even blessed with a natural wading pool, you can easily find your own secluded cove and stay there for the entire day. The southern cove is the main beach, but if you head north along the limestone sea cliffs, you’ll reach the more secluded spots where you’ll likely not see a soul.
2. RED SAND BEACH – MAUI
So far. We’ve visited white, black, salt and pepper, and even green sand beaches. But red? This you have to see! Officially known as Kaihalulu Beach, you don’t have to be Einstein to understand why this gem is better known as “Red Sand Beach”. Yet another unmissable stop along the famous Hana Highway – one of the best scenic drives in Hawaii – the sheltered beach is guarded by sharp pinnacles rising out of the shallow waters just a few meters offshore, which create a small zone that is safe for swimming. The Red Sand Beach is also a great place for a picnic lunch or simply stretching your legs before heading back to the scenic road.
1. TUNNELS BEACH – KAUAI
In an island chain blessed with so many fine beaches, Makua Beach – better known as Tunnels Beach – takes the top prize. With crystal clear waters and the signature “Bali Hai” cliff looming, Tunnels is your stereotypical vision of a Hawaiian beach. Aside from long walks with the soft sand melting between your toes, swimming, and of course, hours of just gazing at the awesome views, don’t forget your mask and snorkel because when the ocean is calm, Tunnels Beach is one of the best snorkeling spots in Kauai.
FUN ACTIVITIES:
MOUNTAIN TUBING ADVENTURE, WATERFALL TRIPLE TRAIL EXPEDITION, HELICOPTER TOUR OAHU, DOORS OFF, KAUAI RUM SAFARI, SECRET FALLS KAYAK & HIKE, ZIPLINE, SNORKEL AND SCUBA, RUFTING TOURS, SUNSET SAIL, FISHING IN HAWAII.
THE 5 BEST HISTORIC LANDMARKS IN HAWAIʻI
1. PEARL HARBOR NATIONAL MEMORIAL (INCLUDING THE USS ARIZONA MEMORIAL), OʻAHU
For many, a trip to Hawaiʻi isn’t complete without visiting Pearl Harbor. The U.S. naval base was attacked on Dec. 7, 1941, launching the United States into World War II. Now, nearly 79 years later, the site is home to relics of the last world war, and includes the Pearl Harbor Aviation Museum, Battleship Missouri Memorial and the USS Bowfin Submarine Museum and Park.
The USS Arizona Memorial is also there; operated by the National Park Service, it sees 4,000 to 5,000 visitors daily. Built to honor those who perished aboard the USS Arizona during the bombing of Pearl Harbor, the memorial was constructed above the sunken battleship, and the remnants of its hulking rusted exterior can be seen just below the water’s surface.
2. ʻIOLANI PALACE, OʻAHU
One of the best preserved sites tied to Hawaiian culture and royalty, ʻIolani Palace represents a complex time in Hawaiʻi’s tumultuous history. Built in 1882, the palace was ahead of its time: It had electric lights, indoor plumbing and a telephone system. And it was here that the last sovereign monarch of Hawaiʻi, Queen Liliʻuokalani, was kept under house arrest as her kingdom was being overthrown.
3. KING KAMEHAMEHA STATUE, OʻAHU
The Hawaiian leader who united the major Hawaiian Islands, King Kamehameha the Great stands tall (literally, the man is believed to have been over 7 feet tall) outside Aliʻiolani Hale, which is across the street from ʻIolani Palace. The figure is adorned with lei every Lei Day, and it’s a sight to see. There are several other statues of King Kamehameha, including one on Hawaiʻi Island, one on Maui and one in the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C. 447 S. King St., Honolulu.
4. KEALAKEKUA BAY STATE HISTORICAL PARK, HAWAIʻI ISLAND
The only landmark on this list not on Oʻahu, Kealakekua Bay State Historical Park on Hawaiʻi Island is 12 miles south of Kailua-Kona. It marks the site where the first westerner—Captain James Cook—established contact with ancient Hawaiians. It was also here that Cook was killed, after attempting engaging in a quarrel with the kanaka maoli (native Hawaiians). While its past may be stained with bloodshed, Kealakekua Bay also serves as an ideal spot to grab a snorkel, some fins, and even a kayak, as the location’s crystal-clear waters and thriving reefs are begging to be explored.
5. NATIONAL MEMORIAL CEMETERY OF THE PACIFIC, OʻAHU
Located in Punchbowl Crater, this national cemetery functions as a memorial to honor the men and women who served in the U.S. armed forces. Here, you can stroll along the site’s memorial walk—a path lined with memorial markers from various organizations—or you can wander the green fields and pay your respects to some of America’s bravest. Some notable interments include Wah Kau Kong, the first Chinese American fighter pilot; Norman Keith Collins, a prominent tattoo artist more commonly referred to as “Sailor Jerry”; and Hawaiʻi astronaut and engineer Ellison Onizuka.
HEROES OF HAWAIʻI AND THEIR STATUES
KING KAMEHAMEHA I
Kamehameha was born in North Kohala on the island of Hawaiʻi. He united the Hawaiian Islands into one royal kingdom in 1810 during a time of increasing western influence. His legendary strength and ferocity as a warrior was tempered by his diplomatic skill and his love for the Hawaiian people.
There are four commissioned statues of King Kamehameha. Perhaps the most well-known statue stands in front of Aliʻiōlani Hale (across from ʻIolani Palace) in Downtown Honolulu on the island of Oʻahu. The second (original) is located near his birthplace in front of the North Kohala Civic Center on the island of Hawaiʻi. The third stands in Wailoa River State Park in Hilo on the island of Hawaiʻi. The last statue can be found in National Statuary Hall in Washington D.C.
SAINT DAMIEN
In 1873, Belgium priest Father Damien arrived in Molokaʻi. Islanders afflicted with the contagious Hansen’s disease were kept segregated here on the isolated Kalaupapa peninsula. After sixteen years of selflessly caring for the people of Kalaupapa, Father Damien himself succumbed to the disease. His selfless acts have earned him sainthood status and he was canonized in Rome in October 2009.
His three Hawaiʻi statues are located in front of the State Capitol in Downtown Honolulu on the island of Oʻahu, in front of St. Joseph’s Church on Molokaʻi and in National Statuary Hall in Washington D.C.
BLESSED SAINT MARIANE COPE
Father Damien was not alone in his passion to provide care for Hansen's disease victims in Hawaiʻi. Mother Marianne Cope was head of her religious order and had already proven herself as a capable administrator at the St. Joseph Hospital in Syracuse, N.Y. when she and other Sisters of Saint Francis answered a request from King Kalākaua and traveled to the islands in 1883. A year after her arrival, she was asked to oversee the Branch Hospital in Kakaʻako on Oʻahu and in the same year, she established the Malulani Hospital on Maui. In 1885, Mother Marianne founded the Kapiʻolani Home for homeless girls who were left behind when their parents with Hansen's disease were exiled to the remote peninsula of Kalaupapa, Molokaʻi. In 1888, a few months before the death of Father Damien, Mother Marianne joined him in Kalaupapa where she not only carried on his life's work, but also implemented many innovations of her own.
Mother Marianne was canonized on October 21, 2012. Her remains were moved to Syracuse, New York, in 2005 and returned to Our Lady of Peace Cathedral in Honolulu, Hawaiʻi, in July 2014. Today, her bronze statue overlooks the ocean at Kewalo Basin Park in Honolulu.
DON HO
Born in the Honolulu neighborhood Kakaʻako in 1930, Don Ho grew up to become Hawaiʻi’s most famous entertainer. After graduating from the University of Hawaiʻi in 1953, Ho joined the Air Force, where he flew fighter jets and earned the rank of first lieutenant. He returned to Honolulu and began his musical career at his mother’s Kāneʻohe lounge Honey’s, drawing a following with his fun and laid-back style. Eventually he was offered a residency at the showroom at Duke Kahanamoku’s Club, performing for packed houses three times nightly. Ho became the must-see musician in Waikīkī, attracting record-number audiences of Hawaiʻi residents and international visitors. His 1966 hit “Tiny Bubbles,” earned him a national recording contract as well as several best-selling albums, tours, television appearances and his own namesake variety show on ABC.
Designed by O‘ahu-based artist Kim Duffett, the bronze statue of Ho is located beneath a historic banyan tree at Waikīkī’s International Market Place, positioned to welcome guests as they enter the shopping center from Kalākaua Avenue. The spot is fitting, as Ho played his popular show to sell-out crowds at Duke’s nearby for many years. The statue depicts Ho in the 1970s, conveying the warmth, charisma and carefree aloha that made him beloved worldwide throughout his prolific career.
DUKE KAHANAMOKU
Duke Kahanamoku’s legendary swimming ability helped him to win five Olympic medals in the early 1900s. He was also one of the first Waikīkī Beach Boys, watermen who taught first-time visitors to Oʻahu how to surf and canoe. Later in life, Duke went on to spread the popularity of surfing and the spirit of aloha to the world. His statue, which is on Kūhiō Beach facing lively Kalākaua Avenue, welcomes all visitors to Waikīkī with open arms.
Note: Tossing flowers onto outstretched arms of statues is discouraged due to the acidity of the flowers on the bronze material.
10 BEST BOTANICAL GARDENS IN HAWAII
BIG ISLAND BOTANICAL GARDENS
1.Hawaii Tropical Botanical Garden
You’ll be transported back in time as you wander through the lush, charming trails of the Hawaii Tropical Botanical Garden, a true gem in the heart of paradise.This 40-acre wonderland in Onomea Bay features an incredible array of tropical flora collected from around the globe by its founders, Dan Lutkenhouse Sr. and his wife, Pauline.As you embark on your garden exploration, you’ll be captivated by the rainforest beauty surrounding you – from vibrant flowers to various species of trees and even a breathtaking three-tiered waterfall at Onomea Falls.As you meander along the well-maintained paths, take note of the many conservation efforts put forth by this non-profit garden.The Hawaii Tropical Botanical Garden is dedicated to protecting native Hawaiian flora (which accounts for about 50% of its collection) and countless other species that are now extinct in their natural habitats.By visiting this delightful oasis, you get to witness firsthand some of Earth’s most stunning botanical wonders, and your visit also helps support crucial sustainability initiatives.
One could easily spend hours exploring this magical haven; each step reveals new surprises awaiting discovery.Marvel at rare specimens like Rafflesia arnoldii – known as ‘the world’s largest flower’– or simply bask in nature’s soothing embrace while listening to nearby streams and birdsong sounds.Remember to stop by their Garden Gift Shop to purchase seeds or souvenirs before leaving this wonderful sanctuary behind.
2.Botanical World Adventures
Discover the wonders of Botanical World Adventures, where you can zip-line through the treetops in Hawaii’s pristine rainforest, glide on a Segway, or wander amidst thousands of plant species in their lush gardens.Feel the adrenaline rush as you soar above breathtaking waterfall views and marvel at the diverse flora below.You can also explore on two wheels by participating in an exhilarating Segway tour that will allow you to smoothly navigate this beautiful paradise while learning about its diverse ecosystem.As you meander through the vibrant botanical gardens, immerse yourself in a world filled with colorful flowers and tropical plants like the Yellow Hibiscus, the official flower of Hawaii.Challenge yourself with maze exploration as you navigate winding pathways surrounded by lush greenery.Capture stunning flora photography during your visit, ensuring these memories last a lifetime.Don’t forget to join one of the guided tours offered throughout the day – it’s an excellent opportunity to learn about each unique plant species and hear fascinating stories related to Hawaiian culture and history.Your journey doesn’t end there! Venture into the serene Rainbow Walk, where tropical birds sing sweet melodies and cascading waterfalls create nature’s symphony.It’s an unforgettable experience that will leave your heart longing for more in Hawaii’s bountiful nature reserves.
OAHU BOTANICAL GARDENS
3.Ho’omaluhia Botanical Garden
Immerse yourself in the tranquility of Ho’omaluhia Botanical Garden. This peaceful refuge invites you to explore its lush 400-acre garden with exotic plants from around the world, where your soul can find solace and rejuvenation amid nature’s splendor.Located in Kane’ohe, Oahu, this garden showcases diverse flora from various geographical regions such as the Philippines, Malaysia, Tropical America, India & Sri Lanka, Melanesia, Hawaii, Polynesia, and Africa.Ho’omaluhia Botanical Garden was designed and built by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in 1982 for flood protection while promoting plant conservation efforts and educating visitors about Oahu’s unique flora.Stroll through this picturesque garden as you marvel at its natural views – from towering trees to shimmering ponds teeming with life.You can participate in one of their many engaging garden events throughout the year to celebrate milestones like their recent 40th anniversary in 2022 or simply enjoy seasonal festivities amidst verdant surroundings that inspire a sense of wonder.
Or embrace your creative side by participating in art workshops held every Tuesday, where you can capture the beauty of your surroundings through drawing and painting sessions under expert guidance.But wait – there’s more! For those who crave an even deeper connection with nature during their visit to Ho’omaluhia Botanical Garden, consider camping within its grounds from Friday through Monday.Perhaps even try your hand at catch-and-release fishing on weekends for a leisurely activity that connects you with both land and water elements.With free admission and many activities available for visitors of all ages, there’s no better place than Ho’omaluhia Botanical Garden to escape from everyday stressors while fulfilling your subconscious desire for freedom among breathtaking natural beauty and vibrant Oahu flora.
4.Foster Botanical Garden (Near Honolulu)
Step back in time at Foster Botanical Garden located in Honolulu, where you’re surrounded by lush tropical plants and magnificent trees that have stood the test of time right in the heart of bustling downtown.This 14-acre oasis offers a peaceful serenity that will make you forget about the busy city just outside its gates.Explore an extensive collection of Foster flora varieties, some dating back to the 1850s, and unique sculptures scattered throughout the garden.You’ll also discover a conservatory, outdoor butterfly garden, palm garden, prehistoric glen cycad collection, and exceptional trees – all providing an escape from your everyday routine.Take advantage of Foster Botanical Garden’s educational programs to learn more about the rare plant species in this urban sanctuary.Immerse yourself in their rich history and appreciate their significance to Hawaii’s ecosystem.The knowledgeable staff is always eager to share their passion for these beautiful plants with visitors like you.And don’t forget to stop by the gift shop on your way out – it’s filled with unique souvenirs that will remind you of your unforgettable time in this botanical paradise.As you stroll through Foster Botanical Garden, allow yourself to be transported into a world where nature thrives despite being nestled within a bustling metropolis.Breathe in the fragrant scents that fill the air and let your senses be captivated by vibrant colors and textures around every corner.Whether you’re seeking solace from daily stress or simply looking for an unforgettable experience while visiting Oahu, this remarkable oasis awaits your discovery – offering an incredible glimpse into Hawaii’s diverse botanical beauty right in downtown Honolulu.
5.Liliʻuokalani Garden
Experience the tranquility of Liliʻuokalani Botanical Garden, where you’ll find an impressive array of native Hawaiian plants in a serene setting that was once Queen Liliʻuokalani’s cherished picnic spot.For instance, admire the stunning ‘ōhi’a lehua trees with their vibrant red blossoms, which hold cultural and ecological significance to the Hawaiian people and play a crucial role in maintaining the island’s ecosystem.This tranquil oasis is a haven for beautiful flora and an important reminder of Hawaii’s rich history and connection to its natural environment.As you meander through this beautiful garden, take time to appreciate its unique ecosystem while enjoying serene strolls along winding pathways lined with lush foliage.Discover rare flora native to Hawaii and learn about their cultural significance in traditional Hawaiian practices such as hula dancing and lei making.Immerse yourself in the peaceful ambiance of this sanctuary – it’s easy to see why Queen Liliʻuokalani found solace here amidst her beloved botanicals.
6.Waimea Valley Botanical Gardens
After immersing yourself in the tranquil beauty of Liliʻuokalani Botanical Garden, continue your Hawaiian botanical excursion with a visit to the captivating Waimea Valley Botanical Gardens.This irresistible oasis offers an unparalleled opportunity for Waimea exploration, showcasing an extraordinary flora diversity that you’ll be hard-pressed to find anywhere else.The valley’s history is rich and fascinating, having been transformed into a botanical garden in the early 1970s by horticultural experts who’ve since introduced plants from all corners of the globe.As you meander through this lush paradise, you’ll experience cultural integration through their Ethnobotany garden, highlighting ancient Hawaiian plant usage.Each marker reveals specific uses for plants, like ti and ginger root, integral to traditional Hawaiian life.The garden events calendar is filled with activities such as weekly plant sales on Saturdays, allowing you to bring home a piece of this tropical haven.One of the best aspects of Waimea Valley Botanical Gardens is its commitment to conservation and education.Home to endangered species and heirloom food crops, it strives to protect these precious resources for future generations while sharing valuable knowledge about their importance.Don’t forget to check out their online herbarium specimens at the Consortium of Pacific Herbaria portal or schedule an appointment for a glimpse into their extensive library collection.Your adventure here will surely leave you inspired and connected with nature!
BOTANICAL GARDENS ON MAUI
7.Kula Botanical Garden
As you continue through Hawaii’s captivating landscapes, visit the charming Kula Botanical Garden in Maui. This 8-acre paradise showcases Kula flora diversity flourishing in volcanic soil and offers stunning views of Haleakala’s lush slopes.Stroll through the garden to discover hundreds of unique plant species, including native Hawaiian plants, and take in the sights of delightful attractions such as a covered bridge, waterfalls, a koi pond, an aviary, and a carved tiki exhibit.The Kula Botanical Garden isn’t just about flora; it’s also an ideal venue for special events like weddings or a serene spot to escape your everyday routine. During the Christmas season, feel that yuletide spirit by selecting from their festive Christmas trees for sale.
And while you’re there, be sure to check out their gift shop featuring made-in-Hawaii items and botanical souvenirs to remind you of this captivating haven.Immerse yourself in Kula conservation efforts at this beautiful garden that recently underwent repairs after a storm in December 2021 but now stands proudly accessible to the public once more.
8.Maui Garden of Eden
While exploring Maui, you’ll be delighted to discover the 26-acre Garden of Eden, boasting over 700 botanically labeled plants and offering breathtaking panoramic coastal views.This lush oasis showcases a diverse collection of Hawaiian native and indigenous species, plants from the South Pacific region, and tropical rainforest flora that elegantly blend with the mesmerizing Maui landscapes.As you meander through more than 2.5 miles of walking trails, you’ll find yourself surrounded by Eden flora and stunning vistas of the Pacific Ocean, cascading waterfalls, and even Keopuka Rock – famously featured in Jurassic Park.The Garden of Eden is not only a haven for plant enthusiasts but also a paradise for photographers seeking inspiration in nature’s beauty.The vibrant colors and intricate shapes found among the exotic plants provide endless opportunities for garden photography at every turn.If you prefer guided tours or are looking to delve deeper into your botanical education, knowledgeable staff members are available to share their expertise on both native Hawaiian species as well as fascinating specimens from around the globe.
As a visitor to this arboretum created by Alan Bradbury – Maui’s first ISA-certified arborist – your support helps sustain this privately funded park while promoting Hawaii’s unique ecosystem.
By spending time at such an eco-conscious attraction, you become part of a community that values sustainable practices and environmental education.
TOP KAUAI BOTANICAL GARDENS
9.Limahuli Garden and Preserve
Venturing to Kauai, you’ll find the awe-inspiring Limahuli Garden and Preserve, where endangered plants and birds coexist in an authentic Hawaiian landscape that honors the connection between nature and humanity.Steeped in over 1,500 years of Limahuli history, this garden is not only a sanctuary for native plants but also holds great cultural significance, as it’s mentioned in ancient songs, chants, proverbs, and poetry.As you wander through the lush greenery of this puʻuhonua (place of refuge), let yourself be transported back in time to experience a Hawaii untouched by modernity.Discover the incredible diversity of native plants at Limahuli Garden while learning about its conservation efforts from knowledgeable guides, or explore at your own pace on self-guided tours along the 3/4-mile loop trail.Along the way, marvel at dozens of endangered species found nowhere else on earth and appreciate how these gardens embody indigenous traditions alive in today’s world.Make an online reservation before visiting to secure your parking spot amidst this haven for rare flora and fauna.As you ascend 200 feet through steps surrounded by breathtaking views of Limahuli Valley – one of the last easily-accessible valleys with intact archaeological complexes – feel a sense of freedom knowing that you are experiencing a living testament to sustainable land management practices based on the ahupua’a system.The multiple awards garnered by Limahuli Garden for its best environmental practices prove that the National Tropical Botanical Garden is committed to preserving ecological wonders and cultural treasures for future generations!
10.Na ‘Āina Kai Botanical Gardens
You’ll find a world of wonder at Na ‘Āina Kai Botanical Gardens, where nature and art intertwine like the roots of an ancient tree. This enchanting oasis in Kilauea, Hawaii, boasts a rich Kai history, unique flora from across the tropics, and one of the US’s most extensive collections of bronze sculptures.As you wander through its lush landscapes, you’ll be captivated by the natural beauty and stunning art installations that blend seamlessly with their surroundings. Throughout your visit to Na ‘Āina Kai Botanical Gardens, you’ll have ample opportunities to learn about their conservation efforts and appreciate their dedication to sustainability.With guided tours available for reservation, you can delve deeper into the garden’s multifaceted mission – encompassing forestry investment, natural resource conservation, and preserving land for future generations. Don’t forget to wear proper footwear as you explore this ever-evolving paradise that showcases both human-crafted artistic creations and mesmerizing natural wonders.Whether it’s raining or shining, there’s no better place to escape to than at Na ‘Āina Kai Botanical Gardens. Be sure to take plenty of photos as a reminder of your idyllic day spent here.And although you might not be able to buy plants or dine at a restaurant on-site, you can still bring home memories from their charming gift shop or even consider investing in forestry for Hawaii’s future yourself.
NATIVE ART AND RELIGION
Religious statues of Hawaiis native polynesian people in Puauhonua o Honaunau National Historical Park on Big Island, Hawaii
HAWAIIAN SCULPTURE OR TIKI
According to Maori customs and traditions, Tiki represents the first human being on earth. Parallelly, tiki also refers to stone or wooden carvings in humanoid form. Hawaiian tiki sculptures were made to represent these gods and the embodiment of their specific powers. It is said that the expressions on the Tiki or Ki’i mirrored the personalities of respective gods. This is why some statues wear expressions of joy and calm, while others look troubled and ferocious. Symbolism played an essential role back then.Hawaiians saw these gods as their protectors. So tiki statues were used to mark the boundaries of sacred and significant sites like heiaus. Every action in the ancient Hawaiian society revolved around appeasing and paying homage to these gods. This was done through prayer, chanting, lava sledding, and even human sacrifice. Not everyone had the right to carve Tiki statues. The statues carved by high-ranking tribesmen, were considered sacred and powerful to be used in religious ceremonies. Those carved by the rest merely served decorative purpose.
In 1819, King Kamehameha II abolished the ancient system of religion and had a majority of temples and tikis statues destroyed. Shortly after that, European missionaries arrived in Kauai and the tiki influence began to fade away.Fortunately, Tiki-pop culture rose to popularity in the 1930s. It all started when navigators in search of new lands discovered exotic tropical islands and the Polynesian culture. When these sailors went back with souvenirs, they shared stories about the people and culture they experienced. This began society’s fascination with the strange-looking gods and their statues, which, ever since, has been growing.Small, quaint bars embraced Polynesian culture and rode the tiki wave. These bars not only used Polynesian elements to decorate their interiors, but also specialized in making rum based cocktails, called ‘Tiki’. That’s how these bars came to be called tiki bars. You can find several such tiki bars in Kauai today.
THE FOUR MAJOR HAWAIIAN GODS
The Hawaiian religion is polytheistic, which means it is open to and embraces several gods and goddesses, each one with several functions and responsibilities.
Kāne: The God of Creation and the Sky
Kāne is the god of Creation and the sky. He is the god of all gods and goddesses.He created Kanaloa to act as his opposite - while Kāne represents life and light, Kanaloa represents dark and darkness.He created Lono to take care of the land and its fertility.If the Hawaiian people needed help giving birth, they would give offerings to Kāne and ask for his help.If they were creating something - a canoe or a building - they would give offerings to Kāne for his blessing on the new creation.
Kanaloa: The God of the Ocean
Kanaloa is the god of the sea and the underworld.He created Kū, who he married to his daughter Hina, the goddess of love, peace, and renewal of life.Interestingly, Kū and Hina are opposites but also represent husband and wife.The Hawaiians prayed to him for anything that had to do with the ocean.If they were about to sail a canoe, they would pray to Kanaloa and offer him gifts at his temple.If they were going on a fishing journey, they would pray for successful fishing from Kanaloa and make offerings at his house-of-worship.
Kū: The God of War
Kū is the god of war. He was known to be a very fierce god.Kū is the only god that requires human sacrifices. Humans were killed on his altar as a gift to him.Kū rules over eight months of the year, the time of war when the hereditary line of rulers - ali'i - would attack each other to try to steal each other's land.
Lono: The God of Peace, Rain, and Fertility
Lono is the god of agriculture, fertility, and peace. He brings Sun, wind, and rain to make the land fertile again.Lono rules over four months of the year, which means four months of the year that Kū doesn't have.During Lono's time, war is forbidden. It's a time of feasting, dancing, and games that are played during the peaceful period.These traditional games are supposed to strengthen people's skills and muscles for battle.In peacetime, the priests of Lono - or the kahuna - would walk around the island with their white kapa and announce that it was peacetime.Lono's time of peace is also known as the Makahiki season.
HAWAII OFFICIAL RELIGION
Most of Hawaii's residents now belong to Christian denominations, however, almost all religions are represented. The group with the largest following is the Catholic Church.
LANGUAGES SPOKEN IN HAWAII
English, Hawaiian, and Hawaiian Creole English (more commonly known as Pidgin) are the most widely spoken languages in Hawaii. The Hawaiian Constitution recognizes as official languages, both English and Hawaiian, but not Pidgin. This makes Hawaii the only state that has two official languages.
BEST TIME TO VISIT HAWAII
The best time to visit Hawaii is between March and September, when it sees the least rain and the highest temperatures. This is the perfect time to enjoy the beach or water. However, Hawaii's perennial warm weather makes it a good destination at any time of year, with pleasant temperatures between 23°C and 30°C.
Sites that were used:www.britanica.com;www.kids.nationalgeography.com;www.wikipedia.org.com;www.a-z-animals.com;www.thehawaiivacationguide.com;www.xdaysiny.com;www.hawaiiadventurecenter.com;wwww.hawaimagazine.com;www.gohawaii.com;www.audleytravel.com;www.hawaiianly.com
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